Negro Heads, with Punishments for Intoxication and Dirt-Eatingīridgens wrote "the tin collar is a punishment for drunkenness in females, while the mask is a punishment and preventative of. Copies of this work in the John Carter Brown Library and the British Library contain these illustrations (but with different paginations), but the illustrations are lacking in the Boston Athaneum and Library of Congress copies. 115-120) and the drawings on which they are based, were made by the author he had been living in Demerara for 15 years at the time of publication. The thirteen engravings in this book (a list with their descriptions is on pp. The decapitation of slaves convicted of major crimes was not unusual in the British West Indies. According to the accompanying explanations, "1), upper right, Quamina, on plantation Success 2), upper right, Lindor, on La Bonne Intention 3), lower left, Paul, on the Friendship, and two heads at the middle-walk of Plantation New Orange Nassau 4), lower right, Telemachus and Jemmy, on Bachelor's Adventure. This image depicts the punishment of slaves convicted of participating in the major 1823 slave revolt in Demerara, British Guiana. Five of the Culprits in Chains, as They Appeared on the 20th of September 1823.For a description of this mask in Brazil, see image ewbank3. For watercolors by Debret of scenes in Brazil, some of which were incorporated into his Voyage Pittoresque, see Jean Baptiste Debret, Viagem Pitoresca e Historica ao Brasil (Editora Itatiaia Limitada, Editora da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 1989 a reprint of the 1954 Paris edition, edited by R. The engravings in this book were taken from drawings made by Debret during his residence in Brazil from 1816 to 1831. 2, plate 10, captioned une visite a la campagne (a visit to the country). This illustration does not appear to have been published in Debret's, Voyage Pittoresque et Historique au Bresil (Paris,1834-39), although another slave, wearing such a mask, is illustrated in vol. Brazilian masters compelled slaves who were prone to eat earth or dirt to wear such masks. He was carrying a large ceramic jar on his head. This image shows an enslaved man wearing an iron mask over his face. "White Iron Mask that One Makes Negro Wear" (caption translation). Masque de fer blanc que l'on fait porter aux nègres.Although this painting has often been reproduced in books dealing with New World slavery, it is not based on the artist's own observations. The exhibition jury rejected the painting because its harsh theme would have offended the colonial ambassadors in Paris (William Hauptman, Juries, Protests, and Counter-Exhibitions before 1850. Originally advertised by the title Le Supplice de Fouet, it was listed in a catalog for the exhibition as Chatiment des Quatres Piquets dans les Colonies (Punishment of the Four Stakes/Pegs in the Colonies), the name by which it is commonly known. Marcel Verdier (1817-1856) gave an 1849 date to his work (see lower right hand corner), but it may have been done in 1843 for an exhibition at the Paris Salon. Other slaves and the planter and his family witness the scene. Lying on his stomach, the victim's hands and legs are tied to stakes while he is being whipped by the black overseer next to one of his legs is the iron spiked collar, with attached chain, which was often attached to the neck of captured fugitive slaves.
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